New research published in Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology offers a glimpse into what Crohn’s disease may look like before it officially begins and the findings could have major implications for how we understand, monitor, and potentially prevent the disease in the future. As an IBD mom of three kids ages 8, 7, and 4, research like this always feels a bit bittersweet. While I’m grateful for the strides in research, I’m apprehensive about the burden and grief I would feel if I was able to know if my children would one day receive the same diagnosis.
As someone diagnosed with Crohn’s at age 21, I’m grateful for my two decades of blissful, perfect health. Had I known a complicated chronic illness would one day riddle my body, I’m not sure how I would have coped and dealt with that news.
This week on Lights, Camera, Crohn’s a look at what the latest research discovered, the complicated emotions IBD parents may feel, and what the future may hold for us all as a community.
Why This Matters: Crohn’s May Start Long Before Diagnosis
The study found that certain immune responses in the blood, specifically elevated IgG antibodies targeting a conserved region of bacterial flagellin (a protein found on gut bacteria) were present years before people were diagnosed with Crohn’s disease. In other words, the immune system appeared to be reacting to gut bacteria long before symptoms like abdominal pain, diarrhea, or weight loss ever showed up.
This study followed 381 first-degree relatives of Crohn’s patients, 77 of whom went on to develop the disease. Among them, 28 (more than a third) had elevated antibody responses.
One of the most important takeaways from this research is the timing. Most Crohn’s biomarkers are identified after the disease is active. This study, however, suggests that immune dysregulation may begin well in advance of clinical disease. This supports the idea that Crohn’s develops gradually rather than suddenly.
That distinction matters. If Crohn’s truly has a long preclinical phase, it opens the door to earlier monitoring and potentially earlier intervention, especially for people who are already at higher risk, such as first-degree relatives of those living with Crohn’s disease. A first degree relative is a parent, child, or sibling.
According to the Crohn’s and Colitis Foundation, 36% of children born to two parents with IBD will develop the condition at some point during their life. The risk is substantially less when only one parent has IBD, with The National Human Genome Research Institute sharing there’s a 7-9% chance.
A Potential Blood Test for Risk, Not Diagnosis (Yet)
It’s important to be clear: this is not a diagnostic test and it’s not something patients can request from their doctor today. But it does raise the possibility that, one day, blood-based immune markers could help identify those who are more likely to develop Crohn’s before symptoms begin.
For families affected by IBD, this kind of risk stratification could be meaningful. Instead of waiting years for symptoms to escalate, or for damage to occur, high-risk individuals might one day be monitored more closely or offered early preventive strategies. As an IBD mom, I feel as though I would struggle with knowing whether this was something I wanted to dig deep for, while also not wanting to get in the way of stopping disease progression. It’s not a black and white situation by any means. If these types of blood tests are available when my kids are teenagers, and I were to get results that broke my heart, I’d feel obligated to be transparent and share—would I really want my kids, who have witnessed me living with Crohn’s their whole lives, to know this would one day be part of their own story? It stresses me out just trying to imagine it.
What This Could Mean for Prevention Research
Another compelling aspect of the study is that the immune response was directed at a conserved portion of bacterial flagellin. This means it’s shared across many gut bacteria. That finding has sparked discussion about whether future therapies or vaccines could target these immune pathways in people who are high risk for Crohn’s.
While prevention remains a long-term goal rather than a current reality, this research reflects a broader shift in IBD science: moving upstream to understand why Crohn’s starts, not just how to treat it once it’s already established, and as an IBD mom I am certainly grateful for that.
What This Doesn’t Mean (Yet)
As exciting as this research could be, it’s not a crystal ball. Not everyone with these immune markers will develop Crohn’s, and many people with Crohn’s were never tested years before diagnosis. Larger studies are still needed to validate these findings across diverse populations and to determine how predictive these markers truly are.
For now, this study adds another piece to the puzzle, one that reinforces what many patients already know intuitively: Crohn’s disease doesn’t start the day you’re diagnosed.
The Bigger Picture
Our community often experiences years of delayed diagnosis, misattributed symptoms, and unanswered questions, so research like this matters. It shifts the narrative from “why didn’t we catch this sooner?” to “how early can we understand and intervene?”
While we’re not there yet, this study represents an important step toward a future where Crohn’s disease is identified earlier, monitored more thoughtfully, and one day possibly prevented altogether.
For parents living with IBD, research like this can carry an added emotional burden. The idea that Crohn’s disease may be detectable years before symptoms begin can stir complicated feelings, especially for those who worry about whether they’ve passed on a genetic risk to their children. Some parents may want every possible tool to protect their child’s future health, while others may find the thought of early testing anxiety-provoking or guilt-inducing. There’s no right or wrong response. I get it and struggle with how I’d handle this, too. Living with IBD already requires navigating uncertainty, and this research underscores how deeply personal decisions about risk, knowledge, and monitoring can be for families. As science moves forward, it will be just as important to support parents emotionally as it is to advance early detection tools.
Community and chronic illness can be thought of as a beautiful tapestry. Our lives and experiences, while unique, become intertwined, and once we recognize we don’t have to embark on the isolating journey alone, we are forever changed. We are so much stronger together. Johnson & Johnson’s published White Paper developed through IBD Social Circle entitled, “The Power of Community in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Coming Together to Reduce physical and psychosocial impacts” highlights key touchpoints of the patient and caregiver experience and shows the ripple effect of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and how complexity and intricacies of Crohn’s and ulcerative colitis reach far beyond the gut. IBD impacts our careers, our relationships, our identities, our mental and emotional health, and it often dictates how our life stories unfold.
This week on Lights, Camera, Crohn’s, I’ll walk you through the valuable insights from the white paper and show what the research uncovered when it comes to stigma, mental health, online communities, and more. You’ll hear heartfelt reactions from IBD patients and caregivers about the findings and hear what two leading gastroenterologists have to say about the research.
Leaning on the lifeline of community
Jessie Magaro was diagnosed with IBD when she was 15 years old. Her reaction to the white paper speaks volumes.
“I was almost in tears reading this research. When I was first diagnosed as a child, there was no readily accessible community to lean on. It was isolating, depressing, and incredibly lonely. But when my disease returned in adulthood after years of remission, I realized the world had changed,” she recalls. “Suddenly, there was visibility. People sharing their stories openly online, entire communities forming on social media. For the first time, I could connect with others who were like-minded and like-bodied, people who understood my fears, my choices, and my fight.”
That connection wasn’t just comforting; it was lifesaving. It became essential to Jessie’s mental health and gave her the strength to make the hard, necessary decisions about her body and her health that helped her survive.
The white paper digs deep into how and why patients and caregivers crave additional information and resources within the IBD community. According to the survey, “Nearly all people with IBD (95%) are looking for IBD information and resources beyond what their physician provides or discusses with them.” The survey found:
42% of people with IBD have participated in online IBD support groups
37% have engaged with social media forums or group chats on platforms like Facebook and Reddit
28% have followed influencers who share their IBD journey on social media platforms.
Dr. Jami A. Kinnucan, MD, is an IBD specialist at the Mayo Clinic Florida. She says, “This research is profoundly impactful for the IBD community, as it highlights many of the challenges that patients experience but often do not share with friends, family, or even their healthcare team. It opens the door for important conversations within the IBD community and reinforces the need for clinicians to explore the broader effects of disease beyond physical symptoms.”
The pediatric caregiver perspective
Cindy Hancock’s daughter was diagnosed with Crohn’s at age eight, she tells me if there can be a “best” part of being an IBD caregiver, it is “absolutely the online community she’s been so grateful to find and learn from.”
As a result of how heavily her and her daughter have leaned on and benefited from the support of others who “get” the reality of life with IBD, Cindy was not surprised by the findings of this white paper that highlight the power of community.
“The courage to seek out a second opinion, and bring info shared by the second-opinion gastroenterologist to our established gastroenterologist? CHECK. Information about how to interpret iron blood work that helped me advocate for transformational care for my daughter, CHECK. Learning what intestinal ultrasound is, and why it presents an amazing opportunity for IBD care and joining forces with other patients to informally advocate for its increased usage in the U.S., CHECK. Anecdotes about drug interactions via lived experiences of other people with IBD, CHECK. Recommendations about favorite heating pads, CHECK. Learning from another Crohnie that gummy bears who aren’t red or purple are part of a colonoscopy prep diet, CHECK!! I could go on and on all day!” says Cindy.
She feels fortunate that her daughter has a good team of physicians, and they always seek their opinions first of course. But Cindy feels the tidbits they’ve gleaned from the IBD community online are what have transformed her daughter’s quality of life with Crohn’s. “The impact is incalculable.”
Cindy credits patient advocates for helping guide healthcare decisions, saying “the IBD community is akin to a warm blanket. We very rarely interact with people in the “real” world who live with IBD, but every day we get to interact virtually with people just like us who understand this life… and that sense of community is priceless.”
Bridget Brown’s daughter was diagnosed with Crohn’s two years ago when she was eight. She says, “Humans are built for connection—but when you’re handed a diagnosis that isn’t widely understood, it can feel incredibly isolating. Most families reach an IBD diagnosis after some really dark, confusing months and years. The IBD community brings the light back in.”
She says as a parent, hearing other people’s stories and experiences is everything.
“I don’t know what it feels like to live inside my daughter’s body, but the insight gathered from the online IBD community helps me support her better. There’s real strength in shared stories, and there is nothing more valuable than being heard from someone who truly gets it.”
Dr. Hilary Michel, MD is a pediatric gastroenterologist at Nationwide Children’s Hospital in Ohio. She says in reading this white paper she could not help but think about how the concepts also apply to children and adolescents with IBD.
“In addition to physical symptoms, youth with IBD are also at increased risk for anxiety and depression and school absenteeism. In a period of life characterized by marked changes in development, independence, and relationships, the diagnosis of a chronic disease like IBD can be incredibly impactful,” says Dr. Michel. “Access to the IBD community for education and support is likely to be equally as important to young people with IBD and already exists in formats including in person and online groups, advocacy efforts, and camps, such as Camp Oasis. Just knowing they are not alone with IBD is so powerful. Additional attention should be paid to privacy and safety concerns when developing interventions for young people.”
Dr. Michel also feels support for parents and caregivers of youth with IBD is essential.
“Parents are at risk for missed work themselves and experience immense guilt and stress related to caring for their child. Connecting with other parents who have “been there,” sharing tips and tricks to navigate their journey, or simply having a listening ear can go so far in allowing parents to feel supported.”
The Power of the IBD Social Circle: A Veteran’s Perspective
Suzy Burnett is an IBD mom of three and blogger at Crohnie Mommy was diagnosed with Crohn’s in 2008. She says when the white paper was published, she read, and re-read, the IBD Social Circle’s latest report.
“The first reading left me stunned by the raw reality encapsulated in the statistics. The second reading became a series of nods: “Yes, that’s me,” I found myself thinking with every single finding. I found the white paper to be fascinating, maddening, raw, and often heartbreaking. Mostly, because I have personally walked down, or known someone in the IBD community who has walked down, every single path described. Simply put, this report is SPOT ON.”
Suzy says her own patient experience deeply resonated with the segment that focused on the critical role our community plays in every aspect of life with IBD: from the shock of diagnosis and the struggle with relationships to the relentless search for answers and navigating new medications.
The Birth of a Community
“When I was first diagnosed, Crohn’s disease was relatively unknown. The internet was not the wealth of knowledge it is today,” explains Suzy. “I was handed a packet of paper, told there was no cure, and left to grapple with denial, depression, and severe flares for years.”
As Suzy grappled with her disease and the years ticked on by, she felt as though the IBD community was born.
“Or we all simply started emerging from the woodwork, bloggers, patient advocates, and a growing number of patients sharing their stories. It felt as if we made an invisible pact: to stick together, stay strong, and fight for each other. It felt like a window of hope opened: I found others. Others like me.””
Suzy says the research done in this report should be shared with every newly diagnosed patient and every “old veteran”.
“We are IBD warriors, and this white paper embodies that truth to the core. It is an invaluable resource for all who suffer from IBD, as well as for the caregivers and family members who stand by their side.”
Recognizing the importance of treating the whole self
Katie Connelly has lived with Crohn’s disease for more than 20 years. She says hearing that patients are afraid to share their emotional burdens with their HCPs is defeating and eye-opening.
“As someone who is lucky enough to have one of those GI specialists who sees me as a whole person, it is imperative that I let her know how I am feeling about my quality of life. It helps her gauge where I am both physically and emotionally with the treatments I am on,” she shares. “With the mind/gut connection being such a real thing, it needs to be instilled in every HCP’s practice to inquire on how their patients feel in life. The responsibility cannot always fall to the patient to disclose everything.”
As a woman living with perianal fistulizing Crohn’s disease, Katie knows firsthand how isolating and complicated the patient journey can be. She credits the patient community for helping her cope and get educated about the questions she has had about intimacy and sexual dysfunction.
“I have had fistula for six years now and have both dated and ended up married while living with them. It has been far from easy, and there is a lack of understanding and communication around it. I hope to start bringing up my own sexual experiences and helpful tips through my own community, Badass with a Bad Ass in hopes to help lower those numbers. I just want us all to feel less isolated in this.”
Being wary of misinformation shared online and in person
Kelly Dwyer says she’s benefited from both in person and online IBD communities over the many, many years of living with her disease. While she’s grateful for community support, she believes misinformation is one of the greatest threats to IBD patients.
“When I attended my first support group after I was diagnosed, I found a community of people who were anti-biologic and unsupportive of many questions I had about treatments and medical care for IBDers. I was so dismayed to see that they were the only in-person support community in one of the US’s largest metropolitan areas, and promoting non-science backed theories of IBD care,” recalls Kelly. “Commitment to strict content moderation and upholding science-backed information is one of the reasons that support communities affiliated with national IBD organizations are an essential part of IBD care and connection.”
While she agrees the online community is beneficial, she also wants patients and caregivers to always have their guard up and be aware of the misinformation and opportunists who go after vulnerable IBDers by attempting to spread fake cures and push “snake-oil” treatment to a make a quick buck.
“As with many chronic illness communities, the newly diagnosed are uniquely susceptible to bad actors because of the desperation and grief that comes with being diagnosed with this incurable, devastating disease,” says Kelly.
While she believes many patient advocates seek to promote accurate and data-driven information, such as advocates like Tina Aswani-Omprakash and Brooke Abbott Abron who are cited in this study, Kelly wants to warn others that just as many others are publicly sharing their support for dangerous treatments, unregulated supplements, and potentially harmful lifestyle and diet choices.
“National organizations, physicians, patient advocates, and support communities like IBD Social Circle are doing their best to create easily accessible, data-driven, and science-backed resources for education for IBDers at all levels of managing their disease, and from diverse cultural and racial backgrounds. Making sure these resources speak loudly and spread far online will be a vital step to combatting the harms of misinformation. We all need to do as much as we can to educate and inoculate fellow IBDers against the dangers of anti-science rhetoric,” advises Kelly.
The financial trade-off and workplace woes with IBD
Ian Goldstein has lived with Crohn’s since 16 years old. The white paper’s discussion on disclosing diagnosis in the workplace and requesting accommodations hit home for him.
“I was fearful of mentioning my disease on job interviews and at work because I did not know if my co-workers would view me differently, if they would think I was less equipped for my role or more expendable. For a long time, I had to get weekly iron infusions, and I don’t know if my employer didn’t like that I worked remotely because of this, says Ian.
The white paper highlights a 2024 survey from the Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation that found more than 40% of people with IBD have made significant financial trade-offs to afford their healthcare, including giving up vacations or major household purchases, increasing credit card debt, and cutting back on essential items such as food, clothing, and basic household items.
“YES! 1000% YES. If I ever take a vacation, it is a weekend trip upstate because I need to make sure I have money set aside to afford my one thousand dollar a month health insurance premium in addition to the deductible and copay costs. If healthcare didn’t cost so much, my life would look quite different,” says Ian.
Everything from career impact to diet resonated with Ian. The focus in the research on foods and beverages that are staples for most but may be on the list of foods people with IBD should avoid (such as fried or greasy foods, spicy foods, sugar-sweetened drinks, and whole-fat dairy). Ian believes it’s important that people understand that it is not just the “unhealthy” or “junk” foods that can exacerbate symptoms.
“For 10 years I avoided vegetables and nuts completely because they put me at risk of having a bowel obstruction. The same foods that would make me healthy could also send me to hospital,” explains Ian.
Falling back on community for overall well-being and treatment decisions
The white paper highlights that, through IBD community engagement and support, patients have reported positive impacts on:
Physical well-being and treatment decisions
39% reported that it has helped them identify ways to make improvements in their physical health and well-being
39% learned how to improve their ability to communicate with their HCPs
39% became more informed about IBD treatment options, including different treatment options they did not know about before
32% learned how to better advocate for themselves with their HCPs
Ian couldn’t agree more, “Community has been a game changer for me. Because of two friends I met from social media, I learned about an amazing surgeon in New York who did an outstanding job with me in 2025, and I haven’t felt this good in years.”
He puts on comedy shows in New York centered around healthcare and because of one show called, “The Autoimmune Saloon,” Ian crossed paths with an audience member who mentioned Intestinal Ultrasound. “No doctor had ever mentioned it to me, but this random audience member did. Because of her, I’m able to get this test, which is much less invasive and informative when it comes to my Crohn’s. This is how community makes an impact: we teach others what we know, things that doctors may never think to tell us.”
Facing the music and fighting the stigma across all races and cultures
According to the white paper, up to 84% of adults with IBD feel that there is perceived disease-related stigma against them, which results in social stereotypes making them seem unreliable or antisocial.
IBD has historically affected White populations at a higher prevalence than other groups; however, the research shows the incidence of IBD is increasing in all races and ethnicities across the US, including in people who are Black, Hispanic, Latino, and East or Southeast Asian. Research also suggests that Black, Asian, and Hispanic individuals with IBD may have a higher incidence of more severe disease.
Kimberly Hooks says, as a Black woman living with IBD, she knows exactly what it feels like to be dismissed, overlooked, and told that her symptoms didn’t fit the picture.
“I was diagnosed late, and even after that, there were delays in getting the medication I truly needed for my severe Ulcerative Colitis. That delay cost me my colon. My story isn’t unique; it reflects what so many Black and Brown patients experience when our pain is minimized or our symptoms aren’t taken seriously,” Kimberly shares. “That’s why this research matters so much. It confirms what we’ve been living. IBD does not discriminate, and our communities are being affected at rapidly increasing rates. This is why I advocate, because visibility saves lives, and every person deserves to be heard, believed, and treated with quality care.”
Kimberly went on to say how incredibly grateful she is for the IBD Social Circle creating a safe space for patient voices and grounding this work in real lived experiences.
“Partnering with advocates to highlight our real stories and pairing those stories with research exploring the physical and psychosocial factors impacting patient care is powerful. It shows the benefits of community and how connection can support people with IBD in every part of their disease management. This kind of work gives me hope. When patients and community come together, we don’t just raise awareness, we help shape a better, more equitable future for everyone living with IBD,” she says.
Acknowledging the struggles IBD can present in motherhood and beyond
As a patient leader and an IBD mom of two small kids, Michelle Pickens appreciates the white paper for a multitude of reasons, especially the notion that we can appear “fine” even while we’re struggling. She also valued the discussion around the wide range of symptoms patients face and how this variability can delay diagnosis and access to support.
“That “in-between” period—when someone is sick but unsure where they fit or where to turn—is incredibly challenging. You experience symptoms consistent with IBD, yet you don’t quite feel part of that community without a formal diagnosis,” Michelle explains.
The section of the white paper on remission really resonated with Michelle. There is often an expectation that once you begin treatment, you will immediately feel better, but that is not always the case. She says it’s important to acknowledge the need for community support when clinical measures indicate remission, but physical symptoms persist.
“I was glad to see the impact on the family unit addressed, especially in areas such as domestic responsibilities and parenting. These are areas where I personally struggle at times. In the workplace, accommodations can be requested to help manage IBD symptoms, but parenting offers no such structure,” Michelle shares. “As a mother, it can be difficult to find someone who can step in and keep things running the way you would, so the responsibilities often fall back on you, even when you’re unwell. This contributes to significant “mom guilt,” and while mom communities exist, the parenting experiences of those without chronic illness differ greatly from my own.”
Addressing mental health struggles
The white paper reveals that more than half (52%) of people with IBD consider the impact of IBD on their mental well-being as negative. Other research studies have shown that individuals also experience depression and anxiety—with as many as 40% and 30%, respectively, experiencing these comorbidities, even while in remission.
The body image issues that stem from IBD such as weight loss, hair loss, steroid-related weight gain, ostomy bags, fistula, and other extraintestinal manifestations make life feel like a minefield. We are constantly up against the unpredictable nature of living with a disease that can rear its ugly head at any given moment. We are constantly forced to pivot and make decisions that often have a direct impact on our overall body image. I remember when I was in college (prior to my Crohn’s diagnosis) that I loved being on camera, working in TV news. Fast forward to five months post-graduation and three months post-diagnosis, and I was mortified anytime anyone tried to take a picture of me. Looking in a mirror was a stark reminder of what I was now and what I used to be.
These photos were taken 3 months apart. Pre-diagnosis and while on 22 pills a day.
Please know that if you struggle with this, you are not alone. As the white paper notes, “as many as 75% of women and 50% of men experience body image issues because of their IBD.”
Final thoughts
This white paper is a gift to the IBD community. As someone who was diagnosed with Crohn’s in 2005, I would have given anything to have a resource like this at my fingertips to validate my struggles and recognize my fears. We are at a pivotal point in patient advocacy and leadership where we can help shape the future of what it means to live with IBD and thrive despite the dark days.
Dr. Matthew Ciorba, MD, a gastroenterologist at Wash U in St. Louis says, “This work offers patient-identified, doctor-approved insight. It brings together perspectives that clinicians alone often cannot fully grasp. The document fills a unique niche in the IBD space. It bridges the lived experience of patients with the expertise of leading clinician advocates. There is truly nothing else quite like it.”
Our community, everyone from patients to caregivers, and medical providers, is so unique. For many of us, these connections and friendships (whether online or in person) have helped us to reclaim a sense of purpose within our disease journeys. My hope is that medical providers and GI psychologists use this research to empower and educate the community by providing this incredible research to patients and caregivers.
Check out the Executive Summary of the White Paper
It is an exciting and transformative time for the IBD community when it comes to family planning and pregnancy. For years, patients and providers faced uncertainty and conflicting guidance about everything from fertility to medication safety. Now, with the publication of the Global Consensus on IBD and Pregnancy, we finally have a unified, evidence-based roadmap created by leading experts worldwide.
This groundbreaking research, jointly published across multiple top journals, is more than just a collection of data—it’s a lifeline for patients, caregivers, and clinicians seeking clarity and confidence. And for the first time, that guidance comes to life through a series of 12 videos now available online. As the sole U.S. Patient Ambassador and Group Lead for patient advocates worldwide, I was honored to contribute not only to this historic project, but also to share my own journey in the video series—bringing the patient perspective directly into the global conversation.
Grateful for Dr. Uma Mahadevan and the entire team for their incredible work on the Global Consensus.
Check out the video series
Following the release of the research from the 2025 Global Consensus Conference on IBD, a series of 12 videos were also published on the PIANO (Pregnancy in IBD and Neonatal Outcomes website), featuring experts speaking on best practices, emerging data, and consensus statements.
Among those 12, my Patient Perspective video is unique. It’s the only video in the lineup where you hear firsthand experience from an IBD mom. During my unscripted 18-minute video, I share openly about the tough decisions I faced personally, the hopes and worries I encountered while bringing babies into this world, and what I want fellow patients and doctors to know. As an IBD mom of three kids (now ages 8, 6, and 4) who were all exposed in utero to Humira, I have a unique perspective to share.
I know what it’s like when you’re 32 weeks pregnant and have to do a biologic injection while you see your baby’s foot kicking at your belly. I know how stressful it is when you don’t know if you’re going to flare while pregnant or shortly thereafter. I know how complicated and overwhelming it can feel when you’re juggling a chronic illness along with pregnancy and motherhood.
Having a patient video placed alongside expert commentaries is a statement: our lived experience is essential to understanding how guidelines work in the real world. I hope my words leave you feeling seen and empowered.
Preconception Counseling and Contraception for Patients with IBD
The Patient Perspective
Why These Videos Matter
Each video is a piece of a bigger puzzle. Together they tell a story about where we are now, where we need to go, and how patients can be—and must be—central to that journey.
Bridging gaps between patient, clinician, and researcher. These videos are designed not just for patients, but for caregivers, physicians, policy makers, and anyone interested in improving IBD care. Seeing things through the patient lens can spark better communication, more empathic care, and guidelines that address what matters most.
Empowerment through shared experience. Whether it’s coping with symptoms, navigating treatment decisions, or facing uncertainty, this research will make you feel more confident in every decision you make along the way. Rather than feeling like there’s an overwhelming amount of gray area, you can see the roadmap of decision-making created from the Consensus that will help you each step of the way.
How to Watch & What To Do Next
Watch the videos: Listen firsthand and educate yourself. An educated patient is an empowered patient. It’s one thing to read a published medical study, it’s especially helpful to see these videos and watch the research come to life.
Join the conversation: Use these videos as conversation starters, take what you learned into clinic visits, have conversations with your partner/family/friends, or on social media. When you’re talking about family planning, make sure your GI and Maternal Fetal Medicine doctors are aware of the Global Consensus on IBD and Pregnancy to ensure they are up-to-date on the very latest research.
Join the PIANO study. This is a great way to become a citizen scientist and use your journey to motherhood as a way to pave the way for others. I participated in PIANO with my youngest child, and he will continue to be “followed” until age 18. It does my heart good to know we’re helping bridge the gaps in understanding so women with IBD now and in the future can feel more comfortable about staying on medication in pregnancy and during breastfeeding.
Too often, patient voices are an afterthought or an add-on. Being featured as an integral voice, not a sidebar, is a powerful shift. The fact the Global Consensus Conference team made such a point to incorporate patients like myself who are IBD moms, from around the world, goes to show just how inclusive and comprehensive this research is.
Final Thoughts
Living with IBD means navigating uncertainty, physical challenges, and emotional strength, but it also means being part of a community that continues to push boundaries in care. These videos highlight not only the science and data, but the lived realities that bring those numbers to life. Patient voices don’t just complement medical expertise, they help shape the future of care. By placing my perspective alongside global experts, the Consensus reminds us that guidelines are most powerful when they reflect both evidence and experience.
As an IBD mom, I think about what this progress means for my three children and for the next generation of families impacted by this disease. I volunteer my time and energy for these projects because they are at the heart of my patient advocacy and genuinely matter so much to me. The inclusion of patient voices today paves the way for a future where no one feels alone in their decisions about pregnancy and IBD. Together—patients, clinicians, and researchers are building a roadmap that will make the journey clearer, safer, and more hopeful for those who come after us.
Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis often require medication to keep inflammation under control, but in some rare circumstances, just one medication isn’t enough. Research shows only 40 percent of people with IBD achieve remission within one year of taking a single drug. Dual Targeted Therapy (DTT) involves using two different types of treatments at the same time to achieve better disease control. This disease management plan comes to play when single-drug therapy does not adequately control symptoms or when a more aggressive treatment is needed.
This week on Lights, Camera, Crohn’s we hear from esteemed gastroenterologist Dr. Laura Targownik along with several IBD warriors who have utilized DTT to help manage their IBD.
IBD Dual-Targeted Therapy Options
There are several ways healthcare professionals can help manage IBD with dual therapy.
Biologics and Immunomodulators
More commonly, combining a biologic therapy such as infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab (Humira), or vedolizumab (Entyvio) along with an immunomodulator like azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, methotrexate. The purpose of this is to enhance the effectiveness and potentially lower the risk of developing antibodies against biologic drugs.
Biologics and Small Molecule Inhibitors
A newer approach involves combining a biologic with a small molecule inhibitor like tofacitinib (Xeljanz) or upadacitinib (Rinvoq). This can target different pathways of the immune response, potentially offering a more comprehensive approach to suppressing inflammation. This can be used in refractory cases and should only be prescribed by an expert IBD physician.
In patients who do not respond to single biologic therapy, there is growing interest in using two biologic agents targeting different inflammatory pathways. However, this approach is not yet widely supported as healthcare providers weigh side effects risks and this is considered experimental.
Dr. Laura Targownik, MD, MSHS, FRCPC, Mount Sinai Hospital (Toronto), Departmental Division Director (Gastroenterology and Hepatology), University of Toronto gives a case study for when she would consider using two biologics for example: in a person with fistulizing Crohn’s disease, whose fistulas have responded well to biologic therapy, she would consider adding another biologic if they’re still experiencing inflammation in the intestinal lining. Dr. Targownik says medications such as vedolizumab (Entyvio) or an IL-23 such as risankizumab (Skyrizi), mirikizumab (Omvoh), and guselkumab (Tremfya) could help to bring IBD under control.
“As a gastroenterologist, I don’t want to discontinue the anti-TNF because I fear their fistulas will worsen, so it makes more sense for me to add in a well-tolerated biologic like vedolizumab or an IL-23 to try to bring the luminal disease under control,” said Dr. Targownik.
She went on to say that patients support the idea of combining therapy with different mechanisms of action if the safety profile makes sense. Most patients who are in a position where dual therapy would be considered are open to do what it takes to get their disease under control.
Corticosteroids and Other Immunosuppressants
This is not strictly speaking dual therapy because corticosteroids are always used short-term. But prednisone in conjunction with other immunosuppressants can quickly reduce inflammation while waiting for the slower effects of immunomodulators or biologics to set in.
A Look at DTT and IBD Research
Dr. Targownik says the VEGA and EXPLORER clinical trials shed light on the potential benefits of combining biologics.
The VEGA trials looked at the benefit of combining an anti-TNF (golimumab) and an IL=23 inhibitor (guselkumab) to induce remission in people with moderate-to-severe UC.
“The combination of golimumab and guselkumab outperformed monotherapy, with a 15 percent increase in the likelihood of clinical remission and a 20 percent gain in endoscopic response. Patients then received an additional six months of either golimumab or guselkumab monotherapy,” says Dr. Targownik and the group on the dual treatment had higher rates of improvement and remission.
This suggests that the deep remission obtained early through DTT might have a sustained effect, even if you step down to monotherapy.
“The EXPLORER-CD study was an open label trial looking at high-risk patients early in the course of disease,” says Dr. Targownik. They received a triple combination with adalimumab, vedolizumab, and methotrexate for six weeks. By the end of the study, 55 percent were in clinical remission, and 35 percent were in endoscopic remission. As there was no comparison arm, it is not clear whether these rates are higher than what would be expected.”
Consequently, the use of tumor necrosis factor (infliximab , adalimumab, etanercept, and golimumab) in combination with newer agents which target interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-23 (ustekinumab, UST), a4b7-integrin (vedolizumab, VDZ) or a4-integrin (natalizumab), has become an increasing area of interest in patients with disease that is not responding to treatment.
According to a systematic review looking at the efficacy and safety of DTT, “There is an urgent need to optimize treatments for patients” so that they have a better chance of remission, which unfortunately remains unachievable for a large number of people living with aggressive IBD. More research is needed to evaluate what the optimal drug combinations are, as well as dose and frequency to limit the burden of side effects.
The DUET trials are looking at people with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, much like the VEGA study, to compare the effectiveness of golimumab + guselkumab versus either drug alone. Interestingly, in this study, golimumab and guselkumab are combined in a single medication, so even though there are two active ingredients, it is delivered like a single drug.
“If we limit our discussion to combinations of modern advanced therapies, the combination of an anti-TNF and either vedolizumab or an IL-23 holds the most promise,” Dr. Targownik says. ”The other combination that we are seeing more is combining a JAK-inhibitor with an anti-TNF for people with acute severe UC, where the JAK-inhibitor is used in addition or in place of a corticosteroid trial.”
Personal Experiences on DTT
I’ve lived with Crohn’s since 2005 and luckily have been on the same biologic since 2008. I ran an Instagram poll that asked, “Have you been on dual-targeted therapy for your IBD?” Of the 320 people who responded, 40 percent said “Yes”, and 60 percent said no. Here are some scenarios they share:
Candyce has managed her Crohn’s with infliximab (Inflectra) and azathioprine since 2020. A 10-day hospital stay led her to dual treatment therapy after she received the recommendation from both her rheumatologist and her gastroenterologist. “My GI wanted to try to wean me off the azathioprine in 2022 after a clear colonoscopy, and I flared to the point of her wanting to hospitalize me,” she says. “But I managed to gain remission with prednisone and getting back on azathioprine, along with increasing my Inflectra dose to every six weeks instead of every eight.”
Risankizumab wasn’t doing the trick on its own to control Brad’s IBD, so his GI added 28 days of Rinvoq as an alternative to prednisone. He says, “This really worked wonders. Being on both risankizumab and Rinvoq put me into biochemical remission in less than 60 days.”
Samantha’s daughter, Eloise, was on tofacitinib and vedolizumab prior to her colectomy.She shares that more families are talking about dual therapy options. “The major issue is getting these medications approved from insurance, especially for pediatric patients. Our doctor was able to get us samples of Xeljanz from a local adult gastroenterologist because insurance would not approve it.”
Kate currently takes vedolizumab and upadacitinib to manage her IBD. Previously, many biologics failed her and vedolizumab was the only one that worked, but it did not address her perianal disease. “The Rinvoq is beginning to work,” she says. “However, I will say it caused awful acne (which I’m now on medication for). I’m not out of the woods yet, but I am functioning again, and I can tell that two medications are working on what needs to be healed.”
Courtney has been on Remicade and Azathioprine since 2020, prior to that she was on Humira and Azathioprine. She says, “I had no reservations because I was sick and willing to accept any option that might bring relief. My doctor explained to me that Azathioprine helps prevent antibodies to biologics. Regular blood tests monitor for more serious concerns.”
Along with her Remicade infusions, Lauren takes methotrexate orally each week.I don’t love it to be honest. I feel much more fatigued and nauseous with methotrexate added into the regimen.”
Initially, Danielle was put on azathioprine when she was on Remicade to prevent antibody formation and to help keep trough levels high. She explains, “When Remicade wasn’t working and I switched to Stelara, we decided to keep the azathioprine on since it didn’t give me any noticeable side effects. I have had some liver abnormalities with the azathioprine. So, I’ve had to have blood work and even an MRI of my liver to make sure everything is ok (it is). Now that I’m in remission with Stelara, my doctor gave me the choice of coming off the azathioprine, but I wanted to keep it on because I haven’t been in remission so long.”
Cait receives infliximab infusions, and she takes azathioprine simultaneously. “So far, I’ve noticed a massive difference in the healing of my perianal Crohn’s.”
Katie manages her IBD with Skyrizi and methotrexate. She says the combination makes her fearful at times. “I feel like it is a lot for my body to handle, and I have never been able to tell if that is a true feeling or something that stems from the thought of it. I also want to get off methotrexate within the next year or two to prepare my body for pregnancy. But this combo has provided me with full remission and the best I have felt in years.”
Final Thoughts to Consider Before Trying DTT
It’s important to discuss whether DTT could be for you with your specialized IBD care team as DTT comes with its fair share of risks and considerations. Combining medications can increase the risk of adverse effects, including serious infections due to greater immune suppression. Also, getting dual therapies approved through insurance can be complicated, making the cost and accessibility an issue for patients.
“It is challenging to get coverage for patients to use more than one advanced therapy at a time,” Dr. Targownik says, but not impossible. “Often if a patient has another autoimmune disease, I can get one medication approved for the IBD, and then the other for the other autoimmune disease like rheumatoid arthritis.”
The Takeaway
The effectiveness of combination strategies in IBD has been demonstrated in various studies, but these decisions need to be made on a case-by-case basis, considering your personal disease severity, response to previous treatments, and overall health status. If you are struggling with getting your IBD under better control with one therapy alone, speak to your IBD physician about other options.
There’s a BIG advancement that was just unveiled this week regarding nutrition and IBD. Nutritional Therapy for IBD, a non-profit dedicated to improving the lives and health outcomes of patients with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis through evidence-based adjunctive nutritional therapy, launched their The IBD Nutrition Navigator™ to the public yesterday.
It’s a project that’s been in the works for two years and it’s the first nutritional tool of its kind! This FREE resource allows patients, caregivers, and healthcare professionals to work together to find the best nutritional approach on a personal level. This week on Lights, Camera, Crohn’s we hear from Kim S. Beall, Pharm. D., co-founder of Nutritional Therapy for IBD and Dr. Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan MD, MPH, FACG, AGAF. These two, in collaboration with dozens of healthcare providers, designers, patients and volunteers, made this resource a reality for the IBD community.
What is the Nutrition Navigator™?
The design was led by Dr. Ananthakrishnan, Harvard graduate, Director of the Crohn’s and Colitis Center at Massachusetts General Hospital and one of the top GI clinicians.
“The IBD Nutrition Navigator™ is a groundbreaking algorithm-based tool designed to assist healthcare providers and patients in determining a personalized approach to using nutritional therapy alongside medication to optimize care,” he says.
“The tool is based on discussions that Dr. Ananthakrishnan has with his patients about nutrition and how it can be used in conjunction with medications and surgery to improve health outcomes. The IBD Nutrition Navigator™ is interactive and walks providers and patients step by step through six questions to assess not only the patient’s individual disease state and goalsbut also their interest in resources for nutritional therapy,” explains Kim.
The tool is designed for healthcare providers and patients to use together in shared decision making. Once completed, the tool recommends the best fit for an evidence based nutritional therapy. These recommendations are geared 100% to the individual based on how they answer the questions. As we all know, there is not a one-size-fits-all answer when it comes to IBD nutrition, and the recommendation is never nutrition vs medication. It’s using nutrition as another tool alongside medication and other therapies.
The inspiration behind the IBD Nutrition Navigator™
Dr. Ananthakrishnan, an esteemed member of Nutritional Therapy for IBD’s medical advisor board, is the inspiration behind the IBD Nutrition Navigator™.
“He discusses nutrition with his patients and uses nutritional therapy alongside medication as part of his regular practice. “What should I eat?” is the most common question for patients after an IBD diagnosis. But because every patient is different, there is not a “one size fits all” answer to that question,” says Kim. “Weeding through the abundance of nutrition information available can be confusing and time-consuming. Dr. Ananthakrishnan felt that we should provide more guidance to healthcare professionals in a simple, evidence-based, clinical manner. And thus, the idea for the IBD Nutrition Navigator™ was born.”
A closer look at nutrition and IBD
Nutritionaltherapies used alongside medication and/or surgery can help manage symptoms, aid healing, and reduce inflammation in IBD patients.
“For a long time, it was thought that diet didn’t even matter when it comes to managing IBD. We now have growing evidence that suggests that food does indeed matter as both a risk factor and a therapeutic option,” says Kim. “Patients struggle, however, with the abundance of nutritional information AND misinformation available. They may want to incorporate nutrition into their IBD management but don’t know where to start.”
Another very prevalent struggle is malnutrition. Patients are often afraid to eat new or certain foods for fear that those foods may cause pain or other symptoms. I know in my nearly 20 years living with Crohn’s disease I was considered malnourished during my initial diagnosis and hospitalization and was watched closely when I was losing weight unintentionally prior to acute flares in the past.
At a baseball game with my brother days before my Crohn’s disease diagnosis in 2005. Little did I know I was malnourished here.
Cool features of the IBD Nutrition Navigator™ to highlight
Years of planning went into the development of the IBD Nutrition Navigator’s clinical algorithm, so the information you will find on the tool is all evidence-based and thoroughly reviewed by medical advisors.
“There are so many thoughtful features of this practical tool. First, while the development of the IBD Nutrition Navigator™ was quite complex, the result is a very straightforward, simple-to-use, interactive questionnaire. Because the tool is so concise, it can be easily used during a regular appointment with a healthcare provider. Two of the six questions gauge the patient’s interest and resources in using nutritional therapy. These questions evaluating the feasibility of and readiness for change are what makes the tool particularly unique and comprehensive. As patients and healthcare providers progress through the IBD Nutrition Navigator™, the suggested nutritional approaches appear on the screen and will adjust in real time. You can see how your answers to the questions may modify the dietary options.” says Kim.
Finally, once the recommended nutritional approach is selected, there are links to extensive resources from Nutritional Therapy with IBD to help you learn about incorporating that approach and even a recipe database with diet-specific dishes.
Tips for taking the information learned and discussing it with a registered dietitian/GI
The IBD Nutrition Navigator™ is designed to facilitate nutrition conversations between patients and healthcare providers, including registered dietitians who play a significant role in this process.
“Before using the tool, patients and healthcare providers must acknowledge that a full clinical assessment—including screening for malnutrition and eating disorders—is the necessary first step. The addition of or changes to nutritional therapy should always be made through shared decision-making between the patient and healthcare provider,” adds Kim.
Patients or caregivers interested in nutritional therapy can print this flyer to take to their provider. The QR code provides a link to Nutritional Therapy for IBD’s website where you will find the IBD Nutrition Navigator™ and many other evidence-based nutritional resources.
Final Thoughts
The IBD Nutrition Navigator™ aims to provide healthcare professionals and patients with a tool that helps us choose the right, individualized nutritional therapy to use alongside medication and/or surgery and optimize care. Once you discover the best nutritional fit, patients can gain confidence in their food choices and ultimately improve their overall health and healing.
I wish when I was diagnosed with Crohn’s in 2005 that I had a tool like this at my fingertips. A dietitian (who was not well-versed on IBD) told me I would never eat raw fruit or vegetables again and it felt like doomsday. I was overwhelmed, and at age 21, days after being given a chronic illness diagnosis, that advice devastated me. Our community is incredibly fortunate to have a tool like this so we can feel more in control and more empowered to make appropriate dietary changes that are personalized to our care and tailored to fit our ever-changing treatment plan. In addition to the IBD Nutrition Navigator™, this volunteer-led organization provides a wealth of information and resources about nutrition and IBD on its website. Click here to learn more.
**This article has also been published on Tina’s blog: Own Your Crohn’s**
As two bloggers and patient thought leaders in the IBD community, we were thrilled and honored to attend and speak at the Advances in IBD conference in December 2024 in Orlando, Florida. In the article below, we come together to summarize key learnings for our IBD patient and caregiver community.
Management of Crohn’s Disease
Crohn’s can be a very progressive disease, meaning it can worsen over time and cause complications, often leading to fistulae, strictures, and therefore surgery and bowel loss. In a debate between two of the co-chairs, Dr. Miguel Regueiro and Dr. Corey Siegel, as well as throughout AIBD, a key theme was to understand if all Crohn’s patients need advanced therapies (biologics or small molecules) to prevent complications. A good suggestion was to identify those few patients who could be closely monitored but not necessarily put on an advanced therapy. The doctors agreed that almost all patients do need an advanced therapy to prevent progression of the disease. Dr. Siegel brought up an interesting point about risk-stratifying patients via a new blood test called CD-PATH, which allows physicians to better understand if a patient might be low-, medium-, or high-risk for progression of Crohn’s disease.
The conclusion at the conference was that early intervention has made a big difference in terms of improving long-term outcomes for patients. It was shown that there is an optimal time for treatment and missing that window can lead to progression of disease and potentially complications.
From stem cells for perianal Crohn’s to more options for fibrostenotic Crohn’s, many patients are waiting for more therapeutics to gain better quality of life. Patients, however, are also clamoring for more therapies for mild Crohn’s disease. There is a real void in treatment options for mild Crohn’s outside of dietary therapies and occasional use of steroids (< 1-2x a year). As patients ourselves, we advocate for more options whether that’s looking at S1Ps or new therapeutics that can help patients feel safe & comfortable that their disease is being treated.
Management of Ulcerative Colitis
In Dr. Millie Long’s talk on Defining Disease Severity in UC, she shared many pearls. Primary indicators of severity include appearance severity of disease on endoscopy and frequency of use of steroids (more often means another long-term therapy may be needed to quell inflammation). She said to also consider biomarkers (fecal calprotectin, C-reactive protein, etc.) and to keep in mind what prior therapies have been used. Dr. Long emphasized that UC can also progress like Crohn’s, and it is important to use treat to target strategies, including initiating therapy early, monitoring for disease activity using biomarkers and intestinal ultrasound, and aim for mucosal healing.
In Dr. Maia Kayal’s talk on what meds to consider if Mesalamine doesn’t cut it in UC, her key take-home message was, “Your first shot is your best shot.” She said it was important to plan wisely if you have mild to moderate UC and work carefully with your gastroenterologist to identify medication options. Dr. Kayal emphasized that certain biologics may be more effective as a first-line therapy rather than being used after one or two biologics haven’t worked, so to choose carefully. Even if mesalamine doesn’t work, there are multiple biologic options from anti-TNF agents to anti-IL-23 medications, and S1P receptors.
CurQD & IBD
Throughout the conference, CurQD received many notable mentions, which in randomized clinical trials showed efficacy in mild to moderate UC when mesalamine hasn’t cut it. CurQD is a naturally sourced formula. Cura is gut-directed form of curcumin that has been found to reduce inflammatory cytokines, restore barrier function, and positively alter the composition of the gut microbiome. QD (Qing Dai) is an extract of Indigo plants found in clinical trials to relieve bleeding, inhibit inflammation, and promote mucosal regeneration (Naganuma et al, Gastroenterology 2018, Ben-Horin et al, CCFA 2023). Dr. Kayal shared this placebo-controlled trial, that found CurQD was effective for inducing response and remission in active UC patients and has the ability to significantly decrease urgency.
Dr. David Rubin also touted CurQD as an adjunctive IBD therapy option, rather than a singular therapy, much like diet. He said while it may be beneficial, patients need to be cautious about sudden pain or obstructive-like symptoms and communicate how they’re feeling with their doctor.
Insurance barriers
Patients and providers have an uphill climb when dealing with insurance barriers, which makes managing IBD exceptionally challenging and at times frustrating for everyone involved. These proverbial hula hoops we’re all constantly forced to jump through often lead to delays in treatment and unnecessary stress. One key challenge discussed during this session was how to deal with insurance companies denying patients who have not tried 5-ASAs or steroids. Solutions shared included the GI office providing detailed documentation on the following:
listing previously tried and failed medications including steroids,
recent objective findings on endoscopy, imaging, blood tests,
sharing symptoms experienced by the patient,
referencing guideline recommendations, and
outlining the risks to the patient and the costs to the insurance company if treatment is not initiated soon.
Patients can also proactively reach out to their insurance company to determine their preferred advanced therapies and pass that intel along to their IBD team.
Another common roadblock discussed was finding out a medication is not covered or no longer covered by insurance—whether it be biologic vs. biosimilar of off-label dosing.
Patients can discuss appealing the decision with their IBD team during clinic appointments, over the Patient Portal, or over the phone. If your first appeal is denied, keep close tabs on your quality of life moving forward. If you are forced to switch, keep a detailed journal of all your symptoms to paint a clear picture of your reality.
Ask about having your GI submit a letter written by you about your patient experience, along with theirs, and make sure a doctor with knowledge of immune-mediated conditions is reviewing the appeal at the insurance company.
Providers can be supportive by showing empathy, following the latest research and including studies within insurance appeal letters. If a person is symptomatic, it would be important to rule out whether it’s active disease or an adverse reaction to medication.
Biosimilars now and in the future
The landscape for IBD therapies has changed immensely in recent years and will continue to do so in the years ahead. Stelara will join Remicade and Humira in 2025 with six biosimilar options for patients (and insurance companies). One of the main areas of improvement lies in patient education. Oftentimes we hear about the switch through a letter from our insurance company or we’re blindsided at an infusion appointment and told by our nurse that we’ll be receiving the biosimilar moving forward. As should be expected, this results in a great deal of uncertainty, skepticism, and pushback from the patient and caregiver population.
Biosimilars are biologic medical products that are highly similar to an already approved reference biologic, with no clinically meaningful differences in terms of safety, potency, or efficacy. Unlike generic drugs, which are chemically synthesized and identical to their branded counterparts, biosimilars are produced using living organisms and exhibit minor natural variability.
Dr. David Choi presented about how important proactive discussions with the patient community area to instill confidence and help educate about how safety and effective biosimilars are. Currently, four adalimumab and two Ustekinumab drugs have interchangeability, which is a designation from the FDA that allows for patients to be automatically switched (originator drug substituted) at the pharmacy level. Dr. Choi shared that providers can avoid this automatic substitution by selecting “dispense as written” on the original prescription. He went on to share that while improving access, there is also a major cost savings. Biosimilars across all disease spaces are expected to save $38-$124 billion from 2021 to 2025. The future of biosimilars is happening right now with exclusivity for golimumab and certolizumab over in 2024 and with more biosimilars in development.
Final thoughts from AIBD 2024
Overall, the main theme throughout all the educational sessions was that IBD needs to be more than just managed, it needs to be overcome with shared patient decision making. More work needs to be done to determine which patient is right for which therapy. There tends to be too much focus on the risk of therapies, rather than the risk of uncontrolled disease. The overarching goal is for providers to identify high-risk patients before we have severe disease and not be hesitant to use surgery as a treatment option when necessary. Emphasis on the importance of re-thinking the role of diet and nutrition and mental health care in conjunction with advanced therapy, looking at biomarkers 10+ years before diagnosis to see if we can prevent or diminish disease severity, utilizing intestinal ultrasound to measure drug response and disease activity in a non-invasive way, and continuing biologics in pregnancy (Healthy mom= healthy baby) were common themes throughout this fantastic conference.
As patients, we remain hopeful for the future of IBD and committed to improving patient outcomes. Lots of work still to be done, but it is impressive to see how far the science has come in the last 19-20 years since our diagnoses!
Inflammatory bowel disease is increasingly recognized as a condition associated with systemic complications beyond the gastrointestinal tract. Among these, cardiovascular (CV) complications stand out due to their potential impact on morbidity and mortality. One of the presentations I attended at the Advances in IBD conference that took place in Orlando this month explored the relationship between IBD and cardiovascular disease, focusing on the effects of disease activity and commonly used therapies. This week on Lights, Camera, Crohn’s a look at what we need to watch out for as a patient community and how we can be proactive with our providers.
Cardiovascular Risks in IBD
Meta-analyses indicate that IBD is associated with a 24% increased risk of ischemic heart disease. Moreover, there are higher rates of premature (under age 55) and extremely premature (under age 40) atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases in our population. The underlying mechanisms are multifactorial, but persistent inflammation and disease activity are key drivers of arterial events.
Heart failure (HF) risk is also elevated among individuals with IBD. Notably:
The risk appears greater in patients with ulcerative colitis compared to Crohn’s disease.
Female patients with IBD demonstrate a higher predisposition to HF than their male counterparts.
Corticosteroid use further exacerbates the risk of HF in this population.
Cardiovascular Considerations for IBD Therapies
Anti-TNF Therapy
Anti-TNF agents (infliximab, adalimumab, certolizumab pegol, and golimumab) have been linked to worsening congestive heart failure (CHF). In patients with pre-existing heart conditions or known cardiomyopathy, baseline cardiac assessment is critical. Recommendations include performing a transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) before initiating anti-TNF therapy and monitoring for new or worsening cardiac symptoms during treatment.
JAK Inhibitors
The use of Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors ( Tofacitinib, filgotinib and Upadacitinib) raises concerns regarding cardiovascular risks, including:
Increases in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglycerides.
Development or exacerbation of hypertension.
Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).
For patients starting on JAK inhibitors, clinicians should:
Discuss the patient’s cardiovascular history and risk factors.
Perform a baseline lipid profile, with a repeat evaluation at 8-12 weeks after initiating therapy.
S1P Receptor Modulators
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulators, a newer class of therapies for IBD (ozanimod, etrasimod, fingolimod and laquinimod), can impact cardiac conduction. To mitigate risks:
Screen for symptoms suggestive of conduction abnormalities.
Review the patient’s drug history for concurrent use of anti-arrhythmic agents or drugs that prolong the QT interval.
Perform an electrocardiogram (ECG) prior to initiating therapy.
Clinical Implications
Cardiovascular complications are common in patients with IBD, often presenting at a younger age than in the general population. The association between active disease and increased CV risk highlights the importance of maintaining disease control. Non-steroidal options for long-term management should be prioritized, as corticosteroids exacerbate both IBD and CV risks.
Therapeutic decisions should also account for the cardiovascular safety profile of IBD medications. High clinical suspicion and proactive monitoring are essential for detecting underlying or developing cardiovascular disease in IBD patients. Understanding the risks associated with specific therapies, such as anti-TNF agents, JAK inhibitors, and S1P receptor modulators, can guide personalized treatment plans and improve long-term outcomes. When meeting with your gastroenterologist communicate any concerns you may have about chest pain or your blood pressure.
Closing Summary
Cardiovascular complications in IBD patients necessitate a high level of vigilance from healthcare providers. Early detection and management of cardiovascular risks are paramount, particularly in young IBD patients who may already be vulnerable to inflammation-driven atherosclerotic changes. A tailored approach—balancing effective disease control with an awareness of therapy-specific cardiovascular risks—is critical to optimizing care in this complex patient population.
Nothing prepares you to hear that your child has Inflammatory Bowel Disease. For many, it’s the first time ever learning about what the weight of those words even means. Not only is a chronic illness at a young age an incredibly heavy burden to bear, it can feel isolating to not only the patient but the caregiver. This inspired The University of Chicago to launch the IBD Kids Club in February 2024. This week on Lights, Camera, Crohn’s learn more about how you can connect with others living your reality and find community, regardless of where you live.
Recognizing the need
Dr. Amelia Kellar, MD, MSc, FRCPC, Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Director, Pediatric Intestinal Ultrasound University of Chicago Medicine/Comer Children’s Hospital says one of the most common concerns she hears from patients and their families is that they don’t know anyone else with IBD or where to go for support.
“I always refer my patients to Crohn’s and Colitis Foundation, but this also inspired me to create a community for these kiddos more locally…a place where they could authentically meet one another both virtually and in person, and know they are not alone.”
Dr. Kellar wants her patients to see kids who are older than them doing all the things they aspire to do and have examples of adults who are living and thriving with IBD. So far, the feedback has been extremely positive—families are grateful to meet one another where there’s no need to explain and there’s comfort in shared experiences.
Get connected to the IBD Kids Club
The group meets virtually every 2nd Tuesday of the month on Zoom at 6 pm CT. Dr. Kellar says it is tough to find a time that works for everyone, but she’s found the dinner hour allows for kids and parents to join together and chat. The next meeting is Tuesday, December 10th.
“I feel very fortunate as I have a great team of GI docs, nurses, dieticians and psychologists that join for different sessions and I co-lead with one of our adult IBD nurses who is also a counselor at Camp Oasis and openly talks to the group about her diagnosis of UC and journey through J-pouch surgery,” says Dr. Kellar.
When she started the group, Dr. Kellar polled participants for what they would like the group to be, whether they wanted to simply chat with one another and offer support, whether they wanted some guest speakers on topics or in person events… and they indicated they wanted a mix, so they have had some support/chat sessions, some guest speakers, and a live cooking class with their IBD dietician. There has not been an in-person event yet. I let Dr. Kellar know in the months ahead I would love to join one of the calls, meet the families, and share experiences.
Everyone is welcome
Dr. Kellar is looking to get the word out—and wants all pediatric IBD warriors and their caregivers to know they are welcome to join.
“I want this group to be open to everyone—regardless of where you live or where you receive care. I want the IBD community to know they are not alone. We talk a lot about how every single person in the world has something that is challenging and that they may or may not choose to share with others and you would never know when you see someone at school, work, on the street, what challenges they might be facing. At the same time, finding people who have faced or are facing similar challenges can offer a unique support system. Our hope is that this group unites children and families with IBD and fosters connections, friendships, and support so no one ever feels alone with their challenges,” says Dr. Kellar.
For those living with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), the pursuit of better health often extends beyond medications and doctor visits. As someone who has lived with Crohn’s for more than 19 years, I’m aware that lifestyle plays a significant role in how we manage our disease. That being said—many people are drawn to popular health trends that promise improved digestion, immune support, and overall wellness. Everywhere we look we see posts on social media promising the next best thing for us. However, some of these trends, though appealing, may pose risks for those with sensitive digestive systems and compromised immune systems. This week on Lights, Camera, Crohn’s, we look at why it’s important to be wary of popular remedies and hear advice from Dr. Neilanjan Nandi, MD, FACG, AGAF, FACP, a well-respected gastroenterologist from Penn Medicine who specializes in Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.
Holistic practices in the IBD community and beyond
There’s a lot of talk about holistic practices in the IBD community (Raw Milk, Amra/Bovine Colostrum, Digestive Enzymes, Athletic Greens, Homemade Kombucha)–the list goes on… while people may have “success” stories or swear by the benefits, it’s important to talk with your healthcare provider first.
“For patients on immunosuppressants, I would caution against consuming raw milk due to the concern for lack of pasteurization. There are often significant heavy bacterial loads and infectious organisms that may behave poorly in a patient’s digestive system and cause infections and subsequent flares too. Fermented products are certainly not contraindicated but I would caution patients in overdoing ‘too much’ and taking many different types of fermented products as it may cause excess gas,” says Dr. Nandi.
DeBalko Photo
He recommends people with IBD stick with one option and it if provides benefit then you can consider continuing.
“However, if a person sees no benefit after 6 weeks, then stop or change. Supplements like Athletic Greens may help patients get in more nutrients and fiber than they otherwise would, but this might also reflect that a patient is not getting enough nutritional balance, so they are favoring this product to achieve that need. Instead, I would rather encourage patients to work with a dietitian who can provide them with more insight and a balanced nutrition plan where they can get their vitamins and minerals in a whole food package rather than a processed formula. Also, there is no data to support that the product provides benefit in IBD and may be a costly option too,” he says.
Why the IBD community needs to be a bit more skeptical
Many supplements lack benefit and/or evidence to provide healing or relief. Many may be minimal risk and possible benefit but this risk to benefit ratio is quite low for the majority of such supplements.
“The greatest risk to the IBD patient is more financial as they are often costly and IBD patients generally have more than enough bills to manage. The other reason for concern is that some supplements may have a small risk for hepatotoxicity or other rare adverse events that may not be predictable. While herbal teas and plant-based products may appear safe, I always recommend informing your personal physician if starting a supplement and they can decide if a conservative approach to monitoring may be more appropriate,” explains Dr. Nandi.
A closer look at the “trends”
Raw Milk—While this is nutrient rich it doesn’t come without its risks. Unpasteurized milk has natural nutrients, probiotics, and enzymes that are believed to aid digestion and immunity. However, the lack of pasteurization also means that harmful bacteria like E. coli, Salmonella, and Listeria can be present, posing significant risks. For those with IBD, it’s common for us to have an immune system that is already compromised or a gut lining that is inflamed or damaged. This puts us at greater risk for bacterial infections. An infection from contaminated raw milk can lead to severe gastrointestinal symptoms, including diarrhea, cramping, and even serious complications that can exacerbate IBD flare-ups. While raw milk may seem appealing for its benefits, its risks far outweigh potential gains for those with IBD. Pasteurized milk or dairy alternatives are much safer options.
Bovine Colostrum—This is the first milk produced by cows after giving birth, it’s rich in antibodies, growth factors, and immune-boosting nutrients. It’s marketed as a supplement that can heal the gut, reduce inflammation, and improve immunity. Some studies suggest that colostrum may benefit those with gastrointestinal issues by promoting gut repair and reducing intestinal permeability. However, research on its effectiveness for IBD is limited, and not all individuals with Crohn’s or ulcerative colitis may respond well. There’s also the potential for allergic reactions, especially for those who are sensitive to dairy. Additionally, its effects on a highly inflamed or damaged gut are not well understood. While bovine colostrum shows potential for gut health, more research is needed to confirm its safety and efficacy in people with IBD. Always consult with a healthcare provider before adding it to your routine.
Digestive Enzymes—These are often recommended to support digestion, especially for those with conditions that impair enzyme production. They can help break down food, alleviate bloating, and promote nutrient absorption. For some people with IBD, especially those with enzyme deficiencies or malabsorption issues, these supplements may provide relief. However, not all enzyme formulations are created equal, and taking the wrong type or dose can lead to side effects like diarrhea, cramping, or worsen digestive symptoms. In addition, over-reliance on these supplements can mask underlying issues that need medical treatment. Digestive enzymes may offer benefits for those with IBD, but they should be used under the guidance of a healthcare professional to ensure they are appropriate for your specific needs.
Athletic Greens—This is a popular green superfood supplement packed with vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and other nutrients. It’s marketed to boost energy, support digestion, and fill nutrient gaps. While this may seem like a convenient way to enhance your diet, those with IBD should be cautious. First, the high fiber content and presence of various herbal extracts may not agree with everyone. Some ingredients could irritate the gut or trigger symptoms in sensitive individuals. Additionally, people with IBD often have individualized nutrient needs, and a one-size-fits-all supplement may not address these properly. For example, certain vitamins and minerals may be needed in specific dosages, which Athletic Greens may not provide. While Athletic Greens can seem like an easy nutritional boost, people with IBD should be cautious due to its fiber and herbal content, and instead, focus on personalized nutrition guided by a healthcare provider.
Homemade Kombucha—This is a fermented tea that’s often praised for its probiotic components, which are beneficial to support gut health. Many people with digestive issues turn to kombucha for its potential to improve digestion and balance gut bacteria. However, homemade kombucha can be unpredictable, with variable levels of fermentation and alcohol content. For those with IBD, who often have a more sensitive gut environment, kombucha’s acidity and potential for bacterial overgrowth or contamination can worsen symptoms like bloating, diarrhea, and cramping. There is also a risk of introducing harmful pathogens during the fermentation process if not done carefully. Store-bought kombucha from a reliable source is a safer option, but even then, it should be consumed in moderation by those with IBD.
Not all health influencers are created alike
When you feel desperate to try something that could improve your quality of life, you may be willing to do whatever it takes to feel better. But please remember that not all health influencers and people on social media are created alike and many have an agenda or profit motive.
“I have often found that the most ‘popular’ products are being promoted by influencers who participate in affiliate marketing and receive a financial incentive if their followers purchase with their referral code. One should always be weary of this and question the intent behind this approach. When in doubt, ask your doctor about the product and always do your own research, if possible,” Dr. Nandi advises.
What to know before you try
Gastroenterologists are trained to look for medication interactions and understand how to conduct literature searches in publication databases that are not always accessible to the public.
“Physicians are more up to date than most online influencers and can at least provide clinical support should a complication occur because of the supplement. The widespread use of electronic medical records for patients to converse with their medical team through secure messaging also provides patients an opportunity to ‘cut and paste’ weblinks to potential therapies and/or supplements to their physicians. This way the clinician can review the same page and provide a prompt medical opinion,” he says.
A look at the future
Dr. Nandi says some exciting supplements are on the market now. One in particular is called Qing Dai, which may be helpful in ulcerative colitis shown in small placebo-controlled studies. The pharmaceutical industry is elucidating this pathway, too.
“More data is required to study the effect in large scale trials. Even this exciting supplement may benefit from laboratory and clinical supervision to ensure patient safety,” says Dr. Nandi.
With the growing popularity of wellness trends, it’s easy to be tempted by promises of better health and healing. However, for those with IBD, not all health trends are created equal, and some may pose significant risks to gut health. It’s always crucial to approach new supplements or diets with caution, especially when you’re managing a complex condition like IBD.
I personally get approached all the time to try a new or different supplement and I’m always hesitant to rock the boat or put something into my body that I don’t know much about. Just as we are forced to advocate for ourselves in the healthcare system, we also need to be cognizant that unfortunately not everyone has our best interest in mind when it comes to making a profit from our pain. Just like diet and medication—there is not a one size fits all approach to wrangle IBD. Just because your healthy friend who added raw milk into her diet swears by the benefits, doesn’t mean it’s right for you. People may genuinely be trying to help you but stay informed and be cautious. This especially goes for newly diagnosed patients and caregivers who may be grabbing at straws trying to improve the reality of life with IBD.
Before trying any new health trend, it’s important to consult with your healthcare team, including your gastroenterologist and IBD nutritionist, to ensure the approach is safe and appropriate for your specific health needs. What works for the general population may not necessarily be beneficial—or even safe—for those living with IBD.
Imagine a medication that not only helps shed unwanted pounds but also holds the promise of alleviating the painful and debilitating symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). For millions battling the dual challenges of IBD and weight management, this could be a game-changer. Some reported data suggest approximately 15 to 40% of IBD patients experience obesity. As obesity has been linked to more severe disease activity, anti-obesity medications, such as GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) receptor agonists (RA), could be a novel treatment strategy for IBD.
Recent research into GLP-1RA medications, primarily known for their role in weight loss and diabetes management, suggests they might have unexpected benefits for those with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Could these medications pave the way for a new era in IBD treatment? This week on Lights, Camera, Crohn’s let’s dive into the intriguing possibilities that lie at the intersection of weight loss and inflammatory bowel disease management. You’ll hear from gastroenterologist and researcher Dr. Aakash Desai, along with 25 people who have IBD and have tried or are currently taking GLP-1RA medications.
What is a GLP-1RA medication?
GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) medications are primarily known for their role in managing type 2 diabetes and obesity. GLP-1 agonists, such as liraglutide (Victoza), semaglutide (Ozempic), and dulaglutide (Trulicity), mimic the action of the endogenous hormone GLP-1. These drugs enhance insulin secretion, inhibit glucagon release, slow gastric emptying, and promote satiety, thereby aiding in blood glucose control and weight loss.
The majority of these drugs are subcutaneous injections, with only one currently available orally. The frequency of taking the medication varies with each GLP-1RA and can be weekly, daily, or twice daily. But, the typical dose is a weekly self-injection, which can be done in your stomach, upper arm, buttocks, or thigh.
The Mechanistic Link to IBD
Anti-inflammatory Properties: GLP-1 receptors are present in the gastrointestinal tract and on immune cells. Activation of these receptors has shown anti-inflammatory effects in preclinical studies. This suggests that GLP-1 medications could theoretically modulate immune responses and reduce inflammation in the gut.
Mucosal Healing: Animal models have demonstrated that GLP-1 agonists can promote mucosal healing in the intestines, a critical aspect of managing IBD. This potential for enhancing intestinal barrier function and reducing inflammation holds promise for IBD therapy. Scroll to the bottom of the article to check out the latest research.
Considerations between providers and patients
Dr. Aakash Desai, MD, Allegheny Health Network in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania says that before discussing if GLP-1RA is appropriate for his patients, he tries to understand their weight loss journey on a case-by-case basis.
“This is unique for every patient, so it’s important for the physician to understand where they’re at and the efforts that have been made. I like to ask what type of dietary and lifestyle modifications they have attempted, exercise (finding out actual numbers, number of days/minutes per week of exercise, moderate/strenuous intensity), prior consultations with nutrition and/or weight loss specialist, and prior exposure to weight loss medications. It’s also important to consider comorbidities, especially history of pancreatitis, gallbladder disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and psychiatric diseases including eating disorders.”
He tells me a “good” candidate is a patient who is obese or overweight with weight-related complications who is willing to undergo lifestyle interventions in close collaboration with nutrition and a weight loss specialist. From an IBD standpoint, before starting on this type of medication, Dr. Desai likes to see his patients in remission.
“GLP-1RA medications have several GI side effects, so it can be challenging to differentiate if a patient’s symptoms are related to GLP-1RA, active IBD or both. Patients should have their IBD in remission, clinical and endoscopic, and radiographic, if applicable,” explained Dr. Desai.
There is preclinical data suggesting that GLP-1RA can modulate inflammatory responses.
Dr. Desai explained, “Mechanisms include its impact on oxidative stress, immune cell recruitment, cytokine production, and gut microbiota modulation. There is also some clinical data from retrospective studies showing improved IBD outcomes, however we need data from prospective studies to see if these medications can be used as adjuncts with existing IBD therapies.”
He would not recommend starting GLP-1RA for obesity management during a flare/active disease given the risk of drug related GI side effects. This could worsen symptoms which could inadvertently lead to increased dose of steroids, prolonged steroid use or a change in IBD therapy. Additionally, providers prescribing GLP-1RA have a low threshold to discontinue the medication if patients with IBD develop even mild GI symptoms out of potential concern for worsening IBD.
Ongoing research underway
Dr. Desai is working on a study that involves 150 people with IBD who are obese and taking semaglutide.
“We found similar weight loss compared to patients without IBD. We also found higher weight loss with semaglutide compared to other anti-obesity medications except tirzepatide. We did not observe worsened IBD specific outcomes in patients on semaglutide. In another study from a large database, we found that GLP-1RA use for type 2 diabetes in patients with IBD was associated with a lower risk of surgery for ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, but we did not observe a lower risk of steroid use.”
He tells me it’s important to note that this is retrospective observational data. However, Dr. Desai hopes this sets the stage for prospective studies and future randomized controlled trials.
From a safety standpoint, there is limited data, however it appears to be reassuring for serious side effects. Dr. Desai believes until we have more robust data, the key will be disease remission at the time of initiation of GLP1-RA. Keep this in mind if you are dealing with active disease and hope to start this type of medication.
There is no data to suggest that patients on biologics or small molecules cannot be on a GLP-1RA if their disease is in remission. The approach needs to be individualized factoring in clinical characteristics and disease profile.
Scope and Scans and GLP-1s
There seems to be confusion in the patient community about how these weight loss mediations can impact how we prep and undergo scopes and scans. Dr. Desai says there is currently no data supporting stopping GLP-1RA before elective endoscopy – which is a multi-society statement.
“I follow the clinical practice update published by American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) which suggests an individualized approach to each patient. If patients are on GLP-1RA only for weight loss, I think there is little harm in holding the medicine a week before elective endoscopy. An alternative would be to continue the GLP-1RA and place patients on a liquid diet the day before the procedure.”
Dr. Desai says he likes to discuss extended bowel prep (2 days) with his IBD patients.
“Alternatively, I recommend a low fiber low residue diet for 5 days plus 2 days of a clear liquid diet with 1 day of prep. I would encourage patients to discuss management of GLP-1RA and bowel prep with their IBD providers prior to elective endoscopy as institutional protocols especially for anesthesia may vary.”
Hear what an IBD mom has to say about her experience
Emily says she’s been overweight most of her life. She tried everything to lose weight, and nothing seemed to work—or she’d lose weight and gain it right back. She talked with her primary doctor about the weight loss medications and her provider is a big fan of them for the right person and thought they’d be a great fit for her. As an IBD mom of two boys, Emily was worried about what her gastroenterologist would have to say.
“At first, I was nervous about it because I didn’t want him to tell me I couldn’t do it. But he was okay with it. He said if I didn’t have any IBD complications, that I would be fine to be on it. He didn’t have any hesitation since I have been in remission and my colonoscopy and upper endoscopy looked good. I explained that I was followed closely with my primary and that I would let him know if I had any issues that came up. Thankfully, my Crohn’s has stayed in remission!”
Emily started semaglutide in November 2022 and was on that for 7 months and then switched to tirzepatide. She’s now been on that for one year.
“I am starting the process of going into maintenance and will decrease my dose until I find what works for me and plan to stay on this long term.”
Emily’s remarkable transformation from 2022 to now.
She’s currently taking Stelara to manage her Crohn’s. Emily is down 93 pounds, and she feels amazing. She says she has dealt with minimal side effects—some nausea and constipation, but nothing that lasts long. As most of us are, she’s very conscious of her bathroom habits and says if she starts to feel constipated, she takes stool softeners.
Firsthand experience from an ostomate
Elizabeth has perianal Crohn’s and has participated in two clinical trials (stem cells). She has had two gracilis flap surgeries, among others. She says while many IBD patients struggle with keeping weight on, this has not been the case for her.
“I have always been in a larger body (even before my Crohn’s diagnosis 20+ years ago). I workout daily and eat a balanced diet but have, like many, found a natural weight plateau. Since my bloodwork always looks great, I really hadn’t thought about it as it would be seemingly for vanity’s sake.”
With more than a dozen IBD surgeries so far and at least one or two more in the future, she was discussing with her GI wanting to optimize future success post-operatively, when her doctor brought it up.
“Since I carry more weight in my mid-section and currently have a loop ileostomy, which also is poorly placed and with a hernia that causes further projection, addressing those issues was certainly on my mind. I was open to learning more and she was bullish, referring me to a fellow GI doctor who specialized in the area.”
As an ostomate, Elizabeth was concerned about blockages, in addition to insurance not covering the cost.
“My consulting doctor felt confident I was a good candidate, and we both thought it may actually improve my fast GI tract and high-output ostomy (which had been causing daily leaks recently). While insurance denied two different options based on plan carve outs, even after appeals, I decided to try paying out of pocket.”
She started on Zepbound four months ago, in conjunction with her biologic and small molecule medication to manage her IBD. Elizabeth says she was less concerned about adding a medicine but, like many of us, would like to be on fewer longer term.
So far, she has lost 30 pounds or about 12% of her starting weight!
“I wasn’t at my highest all-time weight, but I had gained. The effect was almost immediate for me — with the biggest short-term (and continued) win being the delayed gastric emptying, meaning less liquid output, less rapid output, and less visits to the bathroom to empty. I also stopped having leak issues almost completely and, in conjunction with my IBD meds, my symptoms and inflammation are the best they’ve been in years.”
In terms of the non-IBD effects, the impact on what they call “food noise” was huge and, because food stayed in her stomach for more than an hour or two, her hunger changed dramatically.
“I can’t explain how odd it feels to have to remind yourself to eat and to simply feel full. Fortunately, I have had few side effects as, thanks to my ileostomy, I was already focused on staying hydrated.”
Elizabeth encourages those with IBD to research and consult with a doctor who specializes in obesity medicine (and versed in IBD and/or willing to work with your IBD team). Unlike many of the medications we use to control our disease, antibodies aren’t a concern, and it could be worth a try. Also, she says not to be discouraged if it doesn’t work for you as, just like IBD meds, what works for one person may not work for someone else.
“While the weight loss is great, the impact on my IBD-related quality of life has been just as important. I hope there is more research in this area and potential a path for these medications to be considered as part of a covered treatment plan for patients with IBD and other chronic conditions.”
What other IBD patients have to say
Thank you to those who submitted input for this article—there’s nothing like hearing firsthand perspectives from those living our reality. I have purposefully left all the quotes anonymous.
“I have been on Wegovy for over a year, and I have ulcerative colitis. I’ve had a positive experience and from what my GI told me, there are clinical trials going on for its effect on IBD patients specifically.”
“I started Ozempic last week. My GI approved it. There is lots of research about reducing inflammation, along with other benefits. I am way overweight, and I needed help.”
“I’m on semaglutide, which is the generic compound of Wegovy. My GI approved it and it’s been great. It’s the only way I’ve been able to lose weight in years! It has helped me with cravings, with blood sugar stability, and with my emotional connection to food. The first six weeks, I lost my interest in food and had a weird metal taste in my mouth. But slowly that went away and now I am back to myself but feeling more in control and with a healthier view of food. I have not lost weight as fast as some, more like 1-2 pounds a week with a plateau where we found the dosage needed to be increased. Slow and steady has been fine for me.”
“I have ulcerative colitis and got a jpouch back in 2010. I was on Ozempic last year but got off to get pregnant. Once I’m six months postpartum I was told I could go back on it.”
“My CRP is back to normal, even though my SED rate is still elevated, my IBD is non-existent. My constipation did get worse though. But it’s nothing that daily Miralax can’t help. I had to come off it because it made my anxiety worse. Being on that medicine made me as close to feeling like a normal human being as ever.”
“I have been on Ozempic for the past month. No lie, best I’ve felt in years! It’s taken my 20 bowel movements a day down to 3-4. I have nausea, but it’s tolerable. I don’t have diabetes, so I’m paying out of pocket for it. Those with diabetes get a greater benefit from it. You have to be serious about eating protein and about eating better. Since the food you eat sits in your stomach longer, you’ll feel sicker if you’re just eating junk.”
“I would love to hear more about this as IBD is one of the contra indications for this medication and is not usually prescribed in the UK for people with Crohn’s/ulcerative colitis, as it can cause GI upset. So, I would love to hear more about people’s experiences with this as this is something I have looked into for my weight, and I have Crohn’s.”
“My PCP said in her experience they have helped GI outcomes, but I haven’t talked with my GI to see his response. I will say, as an OR nurse, we have been seeing a lot of exploratory laparoscopic surgeries with patients on these medications.”
“I have UC and they put me on Ozempic last year! One shot and I couldn’t stop vomiting. I lost 35 pounds, but I had to take Zofran daily and used a Scopalamine patch so I would not vomit. I started in April, and I didn’t get better until July or August. I went into the ER and urgent care several times for dehydration. It was mild pancreatis, but my labs were not bad enough for them to admit me.”
“I was on Victoza! My GI symptoms were exacerbated by the medicine, but my A1C went down significantly. Unfortunately, I was throwing up for the first month I was on it and because of that my appetite was not suppressed.”
“I was on Ozempic. It made me nauseous and sick. I had terrible stomach pains and TMI, but super gross mucus-y stools. As soon as I stopped, everything went back to normal. I lost 20 pounds and then gained it all back immediately.”
“I have Crohn’s and I’ve been on Saxenda for 8 months and I’m down 20 pounds. Other than a little nausea in the beginning, it’s been great for me!”
“Started semiglutide injections 2 weeks ago and I’ve been able to stop taking my Loperamide completely (I have ulcerative colitis and a jpouch). Semiglutide wasn’t covered by insurance even with appeals for weight loss and motility, but I got it pretty affordable online through Henry Meds. I’m still on the loading doses but haven’t had side effects so far. It takes about 2-3 months of weekly injections to build up to a full dose.”
“I experience nausea day two after taking the shot. Other than that, I haven’t dealt with anything negative. I lost weight that wasn’t coming off due to hormones being completely screwed from pregnancy and 60 mg of prednisone for almost 9 months. GLP-1s also constipate you, due to your gut not emptying as quickly as it normally would. This is one of the reasons it’s being explored as an IBD option. Taking magnesium, bulking up on fiber or taking fiber helps with this.”
“I am on semeglutide week 6 tomorrow—this is my second time—I did it last summer for about 3 weeks. I went up on my dose last week, I haven’t noticed a difference with anything yet, but I haven’t changed my diet much and that’s on me. There’s no difference in my ulcerative colitis symptoms, I’ve had mild active uc for awhile now. I’m trying to get it under control, but also need to lose a bit of weight.”
“Back in 2022, I was on Mounjaro for about 8 months. I was finally able to lose weight. I am a Crohnie who gains weight because my body has a hard time digesting nutrients. Because of this, my body is in starvation mode a lot. When I was on Mounjaro, I lost about 80 pounds, and my inflammation was well managed. It was the first time I was able to feel energetic and wasn’t tired all the time. It helped with my diarrhea because it made me constipated for the first time in 5 years. It then became regulated. I still had stomach pains and indigestion issues, but overall, the medication improved my quality of life quite a bit. I am pre-diabetic and now my insurance will not cover it. My doctor tried appealing it many times, explaining that Mounjaro was helping to manage my inflammation caused by Crohn’s disease, and they still denied it. I have gained 30 pounds back and have a hard time with energy and my diarrhea has returned on and off.”
“I’m on Mounjaro and taking it specifically to help with my high output ostomy. I have Type 2 diabetes, so I’m able to get it through insurance luckily, since we’re using it “off label”. A friend of mine who has a jpouch was on Saxenda, then Ozempic, for the same reasons. She recently had to go off it because of new insurance and she developed pouchitis within weeks of having to stop it. I have two other friends with ostomies taking it, both with a history of Crohn’s. One is a CEO of a biotech company and has been chatting with the different GLP-1 manufacturers trying to convince them to do trials in patients with short gut or high output ostomies.”
“The first thing I asked my GI doctor is HOW can someone have IBD and be overweight or obese? And he said it’s quite common! When I started to flare, he wanted to blame the diarrhea on GLP-1 (Wegovy). But I asked him for a colonoscopy which showed active ulcerative colitis, unrelated to the medication. I am now on Zepbound. For some reason, these medications don’t help me lose weight. I can’t help but wonder if the inflammation from IBD is preventing successful weight loss. I can have many bowel movements a day and not lose a single pound!”
“I have had a good experience with it. I have a really tough time eating vegetables and some fruits, nuts, etc. because of my Crohn’s. The fact that the medication decreases that hunger helps me maintain a healthy weight. I tell people that all the “food noises” I used to experience are gone.”
“I am researching this for Crohn’s myself. I am interested to see your article and opinion. I’m in the UK and recently heard about the benefits of microdosing and I wanted to see if IBD people had experienced positives.”
“I was originally on Ozempic, and it wrecked my stomach. I had to take a break from it, but I lost weight. I switched to Mounjaro due to insurance and have had way better luck with no GI issues. Altogether, I have lost almost 50 pounds. I should mention that I am pre-diabetic. I have a really hard time losing weight. When I was pregnant, I lost 35 pounds after I gave birth and didn’t gain a pound during. I felt amazing, not sure why I wasn’t hungry when I was pregnant. Mounjaro has allowed me to not think about food 24/7. It’s been a game changer.”
“I’ve Googled it before (because who that’s overweight hasn’t been at least curious) and I remember reading that because it slows digestion it can help IBD patients. I’m still worried about the unknown long-term effects to try to it.”
Final thoughts
It’s important to understand that these are chronic medications for obesity management. GLP-1RAs are not a substitute but should be used in conjunction with lifestyle interventions including diet and exercise. This is necessary for sustained long-term weight loss. This requires a multi-disciplinary team-based approach with nutrition, weight loss specialist, primary care and your IBD provider.
As you heard from the patient community, access and cost for these medications remains a key issue for many. The high cost and complex insurance landscape pose significant barriers for many patients seeking these treatments. The monthly cost of these drugs in the United States can range from several hundred dollars to over one thousand dollars, presenting a substantial financial burden for patients. Many insurance companies require prior authorization for GLP-1RA medications, necessitating extensive documentation and justification from healthcare providers. This process can be time-consuming, and as we’re all too familiar with, may delay treatment.
I’ll leave you with an impactful quote from Emily, “I think for the right person these meds are life changing. I know for me they have been. There is a lot of chatter on both sides, and I have learned to block it out. I work closely with my primary doctor and know that she would never steer me wrong. I also know that my GI is on board and that has helped, too. Don’t let the opinions of others deter you. If this is something you want to do and you have the support from your doctors that is all that matters!”
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